Are there "Five Kalimas" in Islam?
Those who claim the existence of "Five Kalimas" have coined specific phrases and assigned them names such as Kalima Tayyib, Kalima Shahadat, Kalima Tamjeed, Kalima Tawheed, and Kalima Radd-ul-Kufr. There is no basis for this in the religion. Believing in their existence constitutes Bid'ah (religious innovation), which is a deviation and a sin.
Regarding the "Five Kalimas" they have introduced, the Prophet (peace be upon him) never uttered the phrases found in the fourth and fifth Kalimas. Not a single Companion of the Prophet ever recited them, nor were they even aware of them.
If someone simply imagined the fourth and fifth Kalimas and convinced people to believe they are among the obligations of Islam, one can realize the extent to which this community has been misled.
This is the Kalima they fabricated under the name Radd-ul-Kufr:
Allahumma inni a'udhu bika min an-ushrika bika shay'an wa-ana a'lamu bihi, wa-astaghfiruka lima la a'lamu bihi; tubtu 'anhu wa-tabarra'tu min-al-kufri wash-shirki wal-ma'asi kulliha; wa-aslamtu wa-amantu wa-aqulu: La ilaha illallah, Muhammadur Rasulullah.
This is the fourth Kalima they fabricated without any evidence, under the name Kalima Tawheed:
La ilaha illallahu wahdahu la sharika lah; lahul-mulku wa-lahul-hamdu, yuhyi wa-yumitu, wa-huwa Hayyun la yamutu; biyadihil-khayr, wa-huwa 'ala kulli shay'in Qadir. Although the phrases of the aforementioned Kalima appear in certain Hadiths, those Hadiths do not come through authentic chains of narration. Furthermore, even those weak Hadiths do not present the phrase as an obligatory component of faith (Iman).
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) did indeed teach the words that are now designated as the "Third Kalima." However, he did not teach that there are five obligatory Kalimas of faith, nor did he classify this specific phrase as the "Third Kalima." He taught hundreds of supplications (Duas), and he taught this particular phrase simply as one of those supplications:
Subhanallahi wal-hamdu lillahi wa la ilaha illallahu wallahu Akbar, wa la hawla wa la quwwata illa billahil-Aliyyil-Azeem.
He taught supplications to be recited on various occasions; specifically, he taught this supplication to be recited upon waking up suddenly from sleep. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
If a person wakes up during the night and recites: "La ilaha illallahu, wahdahu, la sharika lahu, lahul-mulku wa lahul-hamdu, wa huwa 'ala kulli shay'in qadir. Subhanallahi, wal-hamdu lillahi, wa la ilaha illallahu, wallahu Akbar. Wa la hawla wa la quwwata illa billahil-'Aliyyil-'Azim" (There is no god but Allah; He is One; He has no partner; sovereignty belongs to Him; all praise is due to Him; He has power over all things. Allah is Pure; all praise is due to Allah; there is no god but Him; Allah is the Greatest; there is no power or strength except with Allah, the Most High, the Most Great), and then says "Allahummaghfirli" (O Allah! Forgive me!) or makes any other supplication, it will be accepted. If he performs ablution (Wudu) and prays, that prayer will be accepted.
Sources: Bukhari – 1154, Ibn Majah – 3868
What people refer to as the "First Kalima" and the "Second Kalima" is actually the same Kalima.
"La ilaha illallahu Muhammadur Rasulullah" is known as the First Kalima.
"Ashhadu alla ilaha illallahu wahdahu la sharika lahu, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluhu" is known as the Second Kalima.
Both are the same Kalima. It signifies acknowledging Allah as the Lord and Prophet Muhammad as the Messenger of Allah. Reciting either of the two—even though one contains a few additional words—is sufficient for a person to become a Muslim.
Therefore, the concept of the "Five Kalimas" is a mixture of matters that belong to the faith and matters that do not. It has no connection to the religion itself..